Testing for a vacuum leak can be done with the engine off, but requires a piece of equipment called a "smoke machine" which is outside the tool set most scooter owners would have.
As to running an engine w/o a cvt belt; IF the only item on the crank on the cvt side is the starter gear, fan and retainer then it will do no harm to the engine as that is the same a testing an engine on a stand. However IF you have the engine variator components installed and do that, yes damage will be a result.
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